Soviet space program

The Soviet space program was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Formed 1951

Country Soviet Union

In 1957, it achieved the first intercontinental missile (R-7 "Semyorka"), orbital launch vehicle (Sputnik), artificial satellite (Sputnik 1), and animal in Earth orbit (Laika the dog).

From 1961, the Vostok and Voskhod programs achieved the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin), woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova), multi-crew spaceflight, and spacewalk.

was selected as cosmonaut on 01.12.1978

Test Cosmonaut (TC)

Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (Russian: Светла́на Евге́ньевна Сави́цкая; born 8 August 1948) is a Russian former aviator and Soviet cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space.

Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (Russian: Светла́на Евге́ньевна Сави́цкая; born 8 August 1948) is a Russian former aviator and Soviet cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space.

Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash and Russian: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев; 5 September 1929-3 July 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash and Russian: Андриян Григорьевич Николаев; 5 September 1929-3 July 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: Владислав Николаевич Волков; 23 November 1935-30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions.

Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Russian: Владислав Николаевич Волков; 23 November 1935-30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions.

Georgy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Добровольский; 1 June 1928-30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft.

Georgy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Добровольский; 1 June 1928-30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft.

Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: Виктор Иванович Пацаев; 19 June 1933-30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the third space crew to die during a space flight.

Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Russian: Виктор Иванович Пацаев; 19 June 1933-30 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the third space crew to die during a space flight.

Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev (Russian: Павел Иванович Беляев; 26 June 1925-10 January 1970) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the historic 1965 Voskhod 2 space mission which saw the first space walk.

Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev (Russian: Павел Иванович Беляев; 26 June 1925-10 January 1970) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the historic 1965 Voskhod 2 space mission which saw the first space walk.

Pavel Romanovich Popovich (Russian: Па́вел Рома́нович Попо́вич; Ukrainian: Павло́ Рома́нович Попо́вич, romanized: Pavló Románovych Popóvych; 5 October 1930-29 September 2009) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Pavel Romanovich Popovich (Russian: Па́вел Рома́нович Попо́вич; Ukrainian: Павло́ Рома́нович Попо́вич, romanized: Pavló Románovych Popóvych; 5 October 1930-29 September 2009) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (Russian: Вале́рий Фёдорович Быко́вский; 2 August 1934-27 March 2019) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31.

Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (Russian: Вале́рий Фёдорович Быко́вский; 2 August 1934-27 March 2019) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31.

Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov (Russian: Константин Петрович Феоктистов; 7 February 1926-21 November 2009) was Russian engineer and a cosmonaut in the former Soviet space program.

Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov (Russian: Константин Петрович Феоктистов; 7 February 1926-21 November 2009) was Russian engineer and a cosmonaut in the former Soviet space program.

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Шаталов; 8 December 1927-15 June 2021) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 4 (1969), Soyuz 8 (1969), and Soyuz 10 (1971).

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Шаталов; 8 December 1927-15 June 2021) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 4 (1969), Soyuz 8 (1969), and Soyuz 10 (1971).

Yuri Viktorovich Romanenko (Russian: Ю́рий Ви́кторович Романе́нко; born 1 August 1944) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (March 16, 1978 and September 26, 1980).

Yuri Viktorovich Romanenko (Russian: Ю́рий Ви́кторович Романе́нко; born 1 August 1944) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (March 16, 1978 and September 26, 1980).

Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk (Belarusian: Пётр Ільіч Клімук; Russian: Пётр Ильич Климу́к; born 10 July 1942) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and the first Belarusian to travel in space.

Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk (Belarusian: Пётр Ільіч Клімук; Russian: Пётр Ильич Климу́к; born 10 July 1942) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and the first Belarusian to travel in space.

Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov (Russian: Вита́лий Ива́нович Севастья́нов; 8 July 1935-5 April 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut and an engineer who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions.

Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov (Russian: Вита́лий Ива́нович Севастья́нов; 8 July 1935-5 April 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut and an engineer who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions.

Leonid Denisovich Kizim (Russian: Леонид Денисович Кизим; 5 August 1941-14 June 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Leonid Denisovich Kizim (Russian: Леонид Денисович Кизим; 5 August 1941-14 June 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Vladimir Vasiliyevich Kovalyonok (Belarusian: Уладзі́мір Васі́льевіч Кавалёнак; Russian: Влади́мир Васи́льевич Ковалёнок; born 3 March 1942) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut.

Vladimir Vasiliyevich Kovalyonok (Belarusian: Уладзі́мір Васі́льевіч Кавалёнак; Russian: Влади́мир Васи́льевич Ковалёнок; born 3 March 1942) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut.

Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (Russian: Валентин Витальевич Лебедев; born April 14, 1942, in Moscow) is a former Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space.

Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (Russian: Валентин Витальевич Лебедев; born April 14, 1942, in Moscow) is a former Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space.

Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (Russian: Георгий Михайлович Гречко; 25 May 1931-8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (Russian: Георгий Михайлович Гречко; 25 May 1931-8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Береговой, Ukrainian: Георгій Тимофійович Береговий, romanized: Heorhiy Tymofiyovych Berehovyi; 15 April 1921-30 June 1995) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968.

Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (Russian: Георгий Тимофеевич Береговой, Ukrainian: Георгій Тимофійович Береговий, romanized: Heorhiy Tymofiyovych Berehovyi; 15 April 1921-30 June 1995) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968.

Irina Solovyova (born September 6, 1937) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut active from 1962 to 1969.

Irina Solovyova (born September 6, 1937) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut active from 1962 to 1969.

Tatyana Dmitryevna Kuznetsova (Russian: Татьяна Дмитриевна Кузнецова; 14 July 1941-28 August 2018) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

Tatyana Dmitryevna Kuznetsova (Russian: Татьяна Дмитриевна Кузнецова; 14 July 1941-28 August 2018) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, first by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation

Initially, the station was operated by NPO Energia with subcontracting to KB Salyut.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934-27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first person to journey into outer space during the first successful crewed spaceflight.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (9 March 1934-27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first person to journey into outer space during the first successful crewed spaceflight.

Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (30 May 1934-11 October 2019) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut and aviator, Air Force major general, writer, and artist.

Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (30 May 1934-11 October 2019) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut and aviator, Air Force major general, writer, and artist.

Gherman Stepanovich Titov (Russian: Герман Степанович Титов; 11 September 1935-20 September 2000) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut who, on 6 August 1961, became the second human to orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 2, preceded by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1.

Gherman Stepanovich Titov (Russian: Герман Степанович Титов; 11 September 1935-20 September 2000) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut who, on 6 August 1961, became the second human to orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 2, preceded by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1.

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Джанибеков, born 13 May 1942) is a retired Soviet Air Force Major General and a cosmonaut veteran of five orbital missions.

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Джанибеков, born 13 May 1942) is a retired Soviet Air Force Major General and a cosmonaut veteran of five orbital missions.

Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov (Russian: Вале́рий Никола́евич Куба́сов; 7 January 1935-19 February 2014) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo-Soyuz mission), and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme.

Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov (Russian: Вале́рий Никола́евич Куба́сов; 7 January 1935-19 February 2014) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo-Soyuz mission), and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme.

Boris Valentinovich Volynov (Russian: Борис Валентинович Волынов; born 18 December 1934) is a Russian former cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soviet Union's Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21.

Boris Valentinovich Volynov (Russian: Борис Валентинович Волынов; born 18 December 1934) is a Russian former cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soviet Union's Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21.

He teamed with the Soviet cosmonaut Leonid Popov.

He teamed with the Soviet cosmonaut Leonid Popov.

Boris Borisovich Yegorov (Russian: Бори́с Бори́сович Его́ров; November 26, 1937, September 12, 1994) was a Soviet and Russian physician and cosmonaut who became the first physician to travel to space.

Boris Borisovich Yegorov (Russian: Бори́с Бори́сович Его́ров; November 26, 1937, September 12, 1994) was a Soviet and Russian physician and cosmonaut who became the first physician to travel to space.

Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (Russian: Алексей Станиславович Елисеев; born 13 July 1934) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10.

Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (Russian: Алексей Станиславович Елисеев; born 13 July 1934) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10.

Valentina Leonidovna Ponomaryova (Russian: Валентина Леонидовна Пономарёва; née Kovalevskaya [Ковалевская]; 18 September 1933-8 November 2023), was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut, pilot and scientist.

Valentina Leonidovna Ponomaryova (Russian: Валентина Леонидовна Пономарёва; née Kovalevskaya [Ковалевская]; 18 September 1933-8 November 2023), was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut, pilot and scientist.

Zhanna Dmitriyevna Yorkina (Russian: Жанна Дмитриевна Ёркина; 6 May 1939-25 May 2015) was a Soviet citizen who received cosmonaut training, but never flew in space.

Zhanna Dmitriyevna Yorkina (Russian: Жанна Дмитриевна Ёркина; 6 May 1939-25 May 2015) was a Soviet citizen who received cosmonaut training, but never flew in space.

Together with Clemens Lothaller, he was selected for the Soviet-Austrian space project Austromir 91.

he was selected for the Soviet-Austrian space project Austromir 91