Soyuz 7K-TM

The Soyuz 7K-TM, also known as Soyuz ASTP, was the Soviet crewed spacecraft created by modifying the Soyuz 7K-T for the docking with Apollo in 1975. It carried a crew of two, offered about 9 cubic metres of habitable volume and seven days of orbital storage, and had a gross mass of about 6,680 kg. Changes from the 7K-T included systems developed for the cancelled Soyuz S, a new launch escape tower, lighter solar panels for longer endurance, an androgynous universal docking mechanism in place of the standard male mechanism, optical docking targets for manual docking with Apollo, and a cabin pressure lowered to 0.68 atmospheres before docking. The type was launched four times between April 1974 and July 1975, including the Soyuz 16 and Soyuz 19 flights, on Soyuz-U rockets from Baikonur. It was built by the Korolev bureau for the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.