RSC Energia

S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, known as RSC Energia, is a Russian aerospace manufacturer and spacecraft design bureau headquartered in Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, and the principal contractor for the Russian crewed spaceflight program. Established in 1946 under Sergei Korolev as OKB-1, it launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 and enabled the first human spaceflight aboard Vostok 1, and later developed the Soyuz spacecraft, Progress cargo vehicles, the Energia heavy lift launch system and station modules for Salyut, Mir and the International Space Station. The organization was reorganized as RSC Energia in 1994 after the collapse of the Soviet Union and became publicly traded in 2011, though by the 2020s it faced mounting financial and organizational problems.