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Missions and Programs

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project

Also Known As Soyuz 19 (Soviet designation)
Early Crewed Spaceflight Milestone Missions

The first joint crewed spaceflight between the United States and the Soviet Union. An Apollo command/service module and a Soyuz spacecraft docked in Earth orbit on 17 July 1975; the American crew was commanded by Thomas Stafford and the Soviet crew by Alexei Leonov. The mission symbolized the easing of Cold War tensions known as detente.

Facts
Mission Type
Joint crewed docking mission 1
Launch Date
1975-07-15 1
End Date
1975-07-24 1
The two spacecraft returned on different days: Soyuz 19 landed 21 July 1975 and the Apollo command module splashed down 24 July 1975, the mission's final return to Earth.
Outcome
Successful; the two crews docked on 17 July 1975, conducted joint experiments and exchanged flags and gifts. Vance Brand was briefly incapacitated by toxic propellant fumes during Apollo's reentry, and all three American astronauts recovered after a hospital stay in Hawaii. 1
Mission Type
Mission Type (category)
Crewed Mission 1
Connections

Crewed By

Alexei Leonov, Astronauts and Cosmonauts

Leonov commanded the Soyuz side of the joint mission.

Source Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Additional Source Alexei Leonov (Wikipedia)Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Crew section

Operated By

NASA, Space Agencies and Companies
Source Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Additional Source Apollo-Soyuz (Wikipedia)Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, lead section
Soviet space program, Space Agencies and Companies
Additional Source Apollo-Soyuz (Wikipedia)Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Wikipedia, lead section (joint mission)
Sources
1. Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Wikimedia Foundation
  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Historical Background section
    The Soviet and American spacemen will go up into outer space for the first major joint scientific experiment in the history of mankind.
  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Wikipedia, mission narrative (launch and docking)
    The Soyuz and Apollo flights launched within seven-and-a-half hours of each other on July 15, 1975, and docked on July 17, 1975.
View the Source
Apollo-Soyuz (Wikipedia)
  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, lead section
  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Outcome section
  • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Wikipedia, lead section (naming)
    the Soviets called it Experimental flight "Soyuz"-"Apollo" ... and designated the spacecraft Soyuz 19
  • Operated By: Soviet space program, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Wikipedia, lead section (joint mission)
    Apollo-Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, conducted jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975.
View the Source
Alexei Leonov (Wikipedia)
Crewed By: Alexei Leonov, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Crew sectionView the Source
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