Space and Astronomy Atlas

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Orbital Eccentricity

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Orbital eccentricity is a dimensionless parameter describing how much an orbit's shape deviates from a perfect circle. A value of 0 is a circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 describe an ellipse, exactly 1 describes a parabolic escape or capture trajectory, and values greater than 1 describe a hyperbolic trajectory that will never return. It is one of the six classical orbital elements, alongside inclination, and follows directly from Johannes Kepler's description of planetary orbits as ellipses.

Facts
Concept Domain
Orbital Mechanics 1
Proposed By
Johannes Kepler 2
Kepler's first law, published in Astronomia Nova (1609), established that planetary orbits are ellipses rather than circles, which is what eccentricity quantifies.
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Sources
1. Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Wikimedia FoundationOrbital eccentricity, lead section
Quote, Orbital eccentricity, lead section
A value of 0 is a circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic (escape orbit or capture orbit), and greater than 1 is a hyperbola.
1. Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Orbital Mechanics
1. Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Heliocentrism
1. Wikipedia (space and spaceflight articles)
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Orbital Inclination
2. Encyclopedia Britannica: Space Exploration
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.

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