Soviet Union and Russia

Cosmonauts selected and flown by the Soviet and, after 1991, Russian space program, from Vostok and Voskhod through Soyuz, Salyut, Mir and the International Space Station. Belongs here: any cosmonaut whose career and missions were flown under the Soviet or Russian national program, grouped together here because many careers crossed the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union. Does not belong here: a cosmonaut who flew a Soviet-program seat as a guest representing another nation under the Intercosmos program, grouped under International Partner and Guest Astronauts.