The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets. Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the inner Solar System, successfully returning data from the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time and returning to Venus and Mars for additional close observations. The program included a number of interplanetary firsts, including the first successful planetary flyby, the planetary orbiter and the first gravity assist maneuver. Of the 10 vehicles in the Mariner series, seven were successful, and the planned Mariner Jupiter-Saturn vehicles were adapted into the Voyager program. The total cost of the program was approximately $554 million.
Facts
Mission Type
Mission Type (category)Robotic / Uncrewed Mission 1 Connections
Operated By
Source Wikipedia: Mariner program
Spacecraft Of
Source Wikipedia - Mariner 10
Source Mariner 2 - Wikipedia
Source Mariner 4 (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia - Mariner 9
Targets
Source Wikipedia: Mercury (planet)
Sources
1. Wikipedia: Mariner program
Wikimedia FoundationLead paragraph
designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner
Lead paragraph, outcome
Of the 10 vehicles in the Mariner series, seven were successful
Lead: type
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner
Operated By: NASA, Lead: operator
The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets.
In Group: Venus Probe Programs, Lead: family
successfully returning data from the planets Venus, Mars and Mercury for the first time
View the Source Wikipedia: Mercury (planet)
Targets: Mercury, Article textQuote, Targets: Mercury, Article text
The first successful flyby of Mercury was conducted by Mariner 10 in 1974, and it has since been visited and explored by the MESSENGER and BepiColombo orbiters.
Venus (Wikipedia)
Targets: Venus, Article textQuote, Targets: Venus, Article text
The first data from Venus were returned during the second interplanetary mission, Mariner 2, in 1962.
Mariner 4 (Wikipedia)
Spacecraft Of: Mariner 4, Article text
Total research, development, launch, and support costs for the Mariner series of spacecraft (Mariners 1 through 10) was approximately $554 million
Includes: Mariner 4, Article text
Total research, development, launch, and support costs for the Mariner series of spacecraft (Mariners 1 through 10) was approximately $554 million
View the SourceWikipedia - Mariner 9
Spacecraft Of: Mariner 9, Article text
Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.
Includes: Mariner 9, Article text
Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program.
View the SourceWikipedia - Mariner 10
Spacecraft Of: Mariner 10, Article text
Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program.
Includes: Mariner 10, Article text
Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program.
View the SourceMariner 2 - Wikipedia
Spacecraft Of: Mariner 2, Article text
The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program, it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact copy of Mariner 1.
Includes: Mariner 2, Article text
The first successful spacecraft in the NASA Mariner program, it was a simplified version of the Block I spacecraft of the Ranger program and an exact copy of Mariner 1.
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